Today is the major feast day of Saints Philip and James, Apostles. I encourage you to read last year’s entry about this day and its liturgical expression here!
And then feel free to check out this video homily on part of the Evening Prayer reading in John 1.
The seasoned Anglican, or other tradition of Christianity also steeped in liturgy, will have an interesting experience this morning: the Canticle of Zechariah is in the New Testament Lesson! On a practical lesson that means you should replace that Canticle with a different one in Morning Prayer today; prior Prayer Book tradition recommends the Jubilate, Psalm 100, which can be found a couple pages earlier in the Morning Prayer service, on page 15 of the 2019 Book of Common Prayer. Normally the Canticle of Zechariah, or Benedictus, should not be replaced, remaining a static ingredient in the Daily Office of Morning Prayer.
Experientially, though, this is where things get interesting. If you pray the Daily Office with any regularity, you’ll be used to the translation of the Canticle of Zechariah in the liturgy (whichever one you happen to use), and thus will be reading the awkwardly-different wording for it in your regular Bible today. But that’s a good thing. Every now and then it’s helpful to try a different translation of the Bible, as it can give different insights into the breadth and depth of meaning of the text. You might want to pursue the rabbit trail of the subject of Bible translation; here are two videos:
Anyway, with that in mind, let’s glance at a couple examples where the English Standard Version of the Bible (ESV) and the 2019 Prayer Book give us different takes on the Canticle of Zechariah, or Benedictus.
Blessed be the Lord God of Israel, for he has visited and redeemed his people
Blessed be the Lord, the God of Israel; he has come to his people and set them free.
The ESV uses the word “redeemed” where our Prayer Book renders it “set them free.” Both of these terms are, of course, helpful. “Redeem” is a key biblical term and it’s important to note it and retain it, as the Apostles did as they appropriated Old Testament language into their own writings. But it’s also helpful to tease out the various meanings of redemption, and being set free is one of those aspects. It sounds rather clinical, or even businesslike, to say God redeemed us. To say he set us free carries a lot more emotional relatability. So it’s quite appropriate that our formal Bible translation says “redeem” while our liturgy is more poetic.
to show the mercy promised to our fathers and to remember his holy covenant,
He promised to show mercy to our fathers and to remember his holy covenant.
One of the features of modern English compared to Early Modern English and many other languages (especially Koine Greek) is that we like short sentences today. The ESV tries very hard to preserve the Greek run-on sentence, and that’s great – it helps the reader notice the connectedness of the front half of this canticle, even if it makes it harder to read at first. But in the course of the liturgy, we want to be able to offer up this song-prayer with ease and beauty, so almost every verse is made into its own sentence.
to give knowledge of salvation to his people in the forgiveness of their sins,
To give his people knowledge of salvation, by the forgiveness of their sin.
In both cases, this verse is connected to the previous as part of a larger sentence; this is what Zechariah’s child, John the Baptist, would go on to do as the Prophet of the Most High. The word order of these two translations is slightly different, but the main difference is in the preposition of the second half: “in” or “by” the forgiveness of their sin(s). Prepositions like these can be very tricky. Sometimes we use them loosely and think little of them. Sometimes we make Really Big Deals about the little nuanced differences between them. Seeing two different prepositions used here, therefore, helps clue us in to how we might best handle its meaning. In the liturgical text, people are given knowledge of salvation BY the forgiveness of their sin; and the ESV translation says knowledge of salvation comes IN the forgiveness of sins. So the act or reality of forgiveness is something of an instrument for bring about salvation… IN and BY the cross, for example, Jesus enacts the salvation of the world, the forgiveness of sins.
Anyway, this is just a fun opportunity to experience this text in a different translation than we’re probably used to. Plus there’s also the dynamic of reading a canticle as a Scripture Lesson rather than as a Canticle on its own. I’ve noted something of that dynamic in a previous entry you’re welcome to look back on, too.
If you’re praying the Psalms in the Prayer Book, there is one little detail that you’re missing: the superscriptions, usually printed in italics, above verse 1. Sometimes they are titles; sometimes they note the author or a situation relevant to the psalm’s origin; sometimes they say something about the music or the instruments. Some Bible translations even make the superscription “verse 1” and start the text of the psalm on “verse 2”.
The usefulness of these superscriptions is… honestly rather poor. When you compare the Greek and Hebrew Old Testaments, many of them are different. When you compare different manuscript groups even within the same language, they still vary. In short, it’s very difficult to tell how old a given superscription is, when they were added, by whom, and for what purpose. Even if some of them are authentic they can still be misleading; to say a Psalm is “Of David” could mean both written by him or written in the tradition of David. To say a Psalm is from “Asaph and his sons” could mean both written by him and his biological children or written by the school of Temple musicians that was first run by Asaph.
And so, quite rightly, liturgical texts such as the Prayer Book do not include the superscriptions for any psalm. After all, when it’s time to pray, we don’t read titles and labels, we pray the prayers.
But there are some superscriptions that can be useful. Psalms 120 through 134 are all labeled “A Song of Ascents.” It is said that this label refers to their liturgical use among the faithful Judeans, who would sing or chant these psalms during their approach (or “ascent”) to Jerusalem for a high feast like Passover, or Pentecost. This tells us nothing about their origin, but that doesn’t really matter; these are prayers to be prayed. That they were especially used in a particular context can give us insight into how we might use them too.
And, lo and behold, there are two places in the 2019 Prayer Book where this group of Psalms shows up. One is on page 735, where they are commended as appropriate psalms to be prayed on the 31st day of the month, when the 30-day cycle has ended but the next month has not yet begun. This is kind of an “ascent”, approaching the beginning of a new month. The other place they are mentioned is on page 39 where Psalms 120 through 133 are offered as suitable additional psalms for Midday Prayer. (Psalm 134 is omitted in this reference because it’s already on the list for Compline.) So there again, at midday, we have a sort of “ascent”, not quite at one of the major Offices of prayer for the day, but simply stopping along the way of the day’s journey to offer some brief prayers before continuing on in our labor.
In the Daily Office, the Psalms of Ascents are normally read on the 27th and 28th days of the month (today and tomorrow). They are mostly pretty short, and they touch on all sorts of topics. (This may be something of a relief after the epic-length Psalm 119 occupying three days of prayer!) Most of them are pretty happy and cheerful, celebrating God’s deliverance and protection. Several of them are sober, expressing trust in the Lord in the face of evil. Though among them is also Psalm 130, “Out of the deep…” which is traditionally associated with death and grief.
One could say that they inspire and model for us the traditional practice of “keeping the hours”, or offering regular but very brief prayers at certain times of day. They do this by being short, concise, and memorable. On the ascent to Jerusalem, stop and offer these prayers, one by one, along the way. On the way through your day, stop and pray these psalms, or other prayers, bit by bit, along the way.
Let’s wrap up Friday with a video on this morning’s reading from the Book of Numbers. Honestly, the only reason I know about Sihon and Og is because they show up in Psalms 135 and 136. Regular prayer of the Psalms, as our Anglican tradition wisely provides for, can help us connect with some otherwise-obscure stories like this…
At the Sunday Eucharist a few days ago we read or heard the following utterance from Christ: “Receive the Holy Spirit. If you forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven them; if you withhold forgiveness from any, it is withheld” (John 20:22-23). This and its counterparts in the Gospel of Matthew can be rather contentious verses among Protestants today.
As jarring as this might be for modern evangelicals, Jesus meant exactly what he said. He invested his apostles with the power of the Holy Spirit to forgive and withhold (or retain) sins. In Matthew’s Gospel book this is expressed in the language of “binding” and “loosing” – people are bound to their sins or loosed from their sins by the power of the Holy Spirit. This is called The Power of the Keys (after how Jesus introduces it in Matthew 16), and is a feature not only of Roman theology but of classical protestantism as well.
“But only God forgives sins!” scoffs the pharisees and evangelicals alike. Naturally, this is a valid point, and the whole point of that objection in the Gospels is to highlight the true divinity of Jesus. However, Jesus unapologetically tells his apostles to forgive and retain sins. Saint James would go on to reflect on this in chapter of his epistle: “Let him call for the elders of the church, and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord. And the prayer of faith will save the one who is sick, and the Lord will raise him up. And if he has committed sins, he will be forgiven.” So there must be a way to connect the dots.
Thankfully, as Anglicans, we have hard-wired our theological answer to this conundrum into our liturgy. In the Daily Offices of Morning and Evening Prayer the absolution read by the priest contains this sentence:
He has empowered and commanded his ministers to pronounce to his people, being penitent, the absolution and remission of their sins.
That is the wording in the 2019 Prayer Book, but it’s essentially the same in all historic Prayer Books. The interpretation is clear: John 20:23 is a granting of authority to Christ’s ordained ministers. But what it also does is link the minister’s words to the power and authority of Christ, who
pardons and absolves all who truly repent and genuinely believe his holy Gospel.
Thus the forgiveness of sins is not a special power of the priest so much as it is the promise of God to all faithful penitents; the priest or bishop is merely the mouthpiece for God in the congregation for that role.
In the Communion service the words of absolution are different. But they are followed up with The Comfortable Words, which provide the Word of God as a more sure foundation of the absolution spoken by the priest. In short, it is God, in Christ, through the power of the Holy Spirit working through an imperfect priest, who forgives sins. The priest has a solemn and fearful duty and role in this, but has no magical or divine powers of his own.
You know how it goes, haters gonna hate, complainers gonna complain, the overly-picky will never be satisfied. Actually, being excessively choosy in one’s tastes is a form of the sin of gluttony, so their reward will be in their bellies… or something like that.
Anyway, one of the more nit-picky criticisms of the Texts for Common Prayer and the resultant 2019 Prayer Book was the introduction of a new commemoration: World Mission Sunday. It has been branded as the Second-to-Last Sunday of Epiphany since its first appearance, if I remember correctly, though the rubrics (such as on page 604) state that it may be observed on any Sunday in that season, except for the first and last Sundays.
This shows us two things:
In fact, when you look at the numbered Sundays “of Epiphany” you’ll find that there still are eight, which means that you can live like 2015 never happened and World Mission Sunday doesn’t exist.
So there you go, if you don’t like it, fine, you’re not required to use it!
What if I’m not grumpy about it, one way or the other?
I’ll tell you a secret, since this is Weird Rubric Wednesday where I’ve given myself permission to be a bit silly-yet-sincere. I have never observed World Mission Sunday with my congregation. They probably don’t even know it exists. And it’s not because I’m opposed to world missions, or think it’s not worth celebrating or preaching about. I’m not even one of the aforementioned grumpy critics. Though I have been grumpy and critical about things in the 2019 Prayer Book before… but this isn’t one of them.
Initially I had two reasons for ignoring World Mission Sunday in my tiny parish.
Since then, World Mission Sunday has gotten its own unique Collect, which is great, though its scripture lessons are still generally duplicated elsewhere in the lectionary. So if you’ve got a preaching series through the lectionary readings going on during Epiphanytide, you too may want to opt for giving WMS a miss. But in general, it’s not a bad tradition to introduce, and the Epiphany season is probably the best part of the year to place it. Epiphanytide is already one of the most-changed seasons when you compare the historic and modern calendars, so it’s not as though further tinkering is going to make it any more or less like its original form.
If you want to learn more about World Mission Sunday in the context of the Epiphany season, here are some links to check out:
April 21st is a minor feast day, or Optional Commemoration, honoring Saint Anselm. He was an Archbishop of Canterbury, a monk and abbot, and a theologian of great repute to this very day. I’ve written about him before, which you should feel free to peruse if you’re interested. Here’s the link: https://leorningcniht.wordpress.com/2018/04/20/st-anselm-of-canterbury/
For our purposes, however, staying close to the subject of Anglican spirituality with the new Prayer Book, I would like to observe that one of the Occasional Prayers (#88, for Daily Growth) is drawn from the prayers of St. Anselm. He wrote a whole treasure trove of prayers and devotions which are highly theological, both affective and intellectual, you could say. And from among that material, translated into comfortable modern English, we get this:
Teach me to seek you, and as I seek you, show yourself to me;
for I cannot seek you unless you show me how,
and I will never find you unless you show yourself to me.
Let me seek you by desiring you, and desire you by seeking you;
let me find you by loving you, and love you in finding you. Amen.
This is very affective (emotional) as well as intellectual. A lot of people are more strongly one over the other. I was raised in a non-denominational evangelical setting where affective spirituality was the rising star: true devotion to Jesus was expressed in terms of love and joy and excitement. More and more, people were expected to raise their hands and their voices in song as a sign of their spirituality. But that same church, in my childhood, was more intellectual: know the Scriptures, memorize key verses, study the basic points of doctrine and consider why you believe what you believe. This story is not unique, by any means; almost everywhere you can find both crowds, sometimes coexisting peacefully and sometimes at odds with one another. Anselm is great because he stands squarely in their overlap.
Intellectually, he writes of seeking God and God revealing himself to us because we can’t seek or find him on our own. Affectively, he writes of seeking and finding God by desiring and loving him. And all the way through its a “both/and” scenario: let us seek God by desiring God and desire God by seeking God.
So if you’re an emotion-driven person who worries about the intellectual credibility of your faith sometimes, latch on to this prayer: “let me seek you by desiring you… let me find you by loving you” because that’s what you already understand. Or if you’re an intellectual person who worries about how much you actually love Christ, latch on to the other side of the prayer: “let me desire you by seeking you… let me love you in finding you.” The act of seeking God is itself a sign of love and desire; the act of desiring God is itself a sign of seeking and searching.
What an encouraging little prayer. Thank you, Archbishop!
After a month of the quarantine lifestyle I’ve gotten a bit tired and find it difficult to keep up with daily blogging, so I apologize for the lack of entry yesterday. Today I’m simply sharing a little video reflection on the Gospel for today’s Communion service.
God bless!
Normally “Weird Rubric Wednesday” is about strange and silly things that you can do with (or to) the liturgy without technically breaking the rules in the 2019 Prayer Book. Although today’s entry is a little strange, I’m taking a more serious and straight-forward tone.
You see, by my count (and I know different people are accounting it differently) we’re on day 31 of social distancing. I’ve barely seen my church members, I’ve been home almost 24/7 with two children under six, and my usual musical and table-top gaming outlets have been seriously curtailed. And now that a month of this has passed, the anxiety and depression is beginning to creep in. But there is something that is (mostly) holding at bay that is absolutely share-worthy for Weird Rubric Wednesday: Reinvent the Benedictine Monastic Offices with Family Prayer.
First, some background
For those who don’t know, the Rule of St. Benedict is a short little book that undergirds virtually all of Western Christian Monasticism. What’s more, the liturgical tradition it codified and perpetuated is the primary source for the Daily Offices of Morning and Evening Prayer in the Anglican Prayer Books. An elaborate system of monastic prayer, seven times a day, plus at night, was whittled down to two offices so ordinary folks – both priests and people – could say them daily.
![7-times[1]](https://saint-aelfric-customary.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/7-times1.jpg?w=720)
Modern Prayer Books have “added” Midday Prayer and Compline, but with the Benedictine tradition in mind one would better say that modern Prayer Books have “restored” Midday Prayer and Compline. But there are more “minor offices” throughout the day.
Incidentally, this is why (in modern Prayer Books) Compline repeats a lot of material from Evening Prayer – the Prayer Book tradition had combined Vespers with Compline into Evening Prayer.
The “crazy” idea
I got a silly idea a while back – what if I re-purpose the four “Family Prayer” offices to fill in the gaps to cover the rest of the Benedictine system of minor offices? It started as a theoretical idea, exploring things just for fun. (Okay, yes, I have strange ideas of fun. But if you follow this blog then I guess it has paid off, right?) The “Family Prayer” offices in the 2019 Prayer Book are basically miniaturized versions of the regular Daily Offices; you can find them on pages 66-75.
As their opening introduction states, they “are particularly appropriate for families with young children.” This is how I started using them: Family Prayer In The Morning is what I taught my 4-year-old (who is now 5). We say the opening verse, we chant three verses of a psalm, I read him a Scripture lesson, explain it briefly and address questions if he brings anything up, we pray the Lord’s Prayer, usually the Collect provided, and end with the grace from 2 Corinthians 13:14. A year before, I had devised a “Children’s Daily Lectionary”, providing short readings for every day of the year. Here’s the link if you’re interested.
So that took care of Prime, the first hour; what about the rest? Here’s what I ended up outlining:
If you look at the rubrics on page 66, guiding what can be done with Family Prayer, you’ll find that you can change almost everything about them according to your particular needs. One of the key sentences for my purposes is this one: “The Psalms and Readings may be replaced by…. some other manual of devotion which provides daily selections for the Church Year.” That means, if there’s a daily devotional you happen to like, a good context for using it is in Family Prayer! This is what got me started with the Children’s Daily Lectionary, and then I just kept going…
Terce. For Family Prayer at midday I put together a plan of devotional readings intended to ground the reader in the historic Anglican tradition. This means reading from the Apostolic Fathers in Epiphanytide and the early summer, other great Church Fathers during Lent, the 39 Articles during Eastertide, other Anglican Foundational Documents during Ascensiontide, and the ACNA catechism for the bulk of the summer and autumn.
None. For Family Prayer in the evening I added no lectionary, but instead prayers. It started on Saturdays, setting up our worship space at 3pm, when it made sense to pray for my flock when I was finished. Now for none I have prayers for church, family, ministers, and non-believers, that I can cycle through over the course of the week.
Nocturn. When I say Evening Prayer earlier, like at 5pm, there can be quite a gap if I stay up late, so having a mini office between Evening Prayer and Compline can be good, and that’s what I’ve tried out with Family Prayer at the close of day. For this I appointed a mix: two days a week use Scripture readings from the 1662 Daily Office Lectionary and the other five days are from the Book of Homilies, an under-appreciated piece of Anglican tradition.
Ain’t nobody got time fo dat!
I think, during Holy Week, I actually said every one of these Offices every day. But apart from that I always miss something. And that’s okay – extra offices are extra, and should not be enforced unless you have good reason to put yourself through that. Nevertheless, having all these extra offices available both encourage me to pray more often, as well as provide with a guide for doing so.
Now perhaps you’d rather just use an actual Benedictine Breviary and use versions of the actual monastic offices. Perhaps you’d rather use a sourcebook of private devotions such as Saint Augustine’s Prayer Book. Perhaps you’d prefer to offer spontaneous prayers without any liturgical framework at all. Once you’ve got the Daily Offices down that our tradition expects (or even mandates) – Morning and Evening Prayer – you are free to expand your prayers however you see fit. The flexibility of the Family Prayer offices just seemed to me ideal places to start.
One of the interesting opportunities of online ministry when people have to livestream or read-on-their-own the various liturgies of Holy Week is that we can release sermons, homilies, and reflections that don’t necessarily have to fit perfectly into one of those particular liturgies. For example, I was struck by something in John 18, which is our Morning Prayer New Testament lesson on Good Friday, and then traced its theme into chapter 19, which is the Gospel lesson in Good Friday’s principle service.
So here is that reflection, The Few Words of Jesus, aided with a seemingly-innocuous quote from the book of Ecclesiastes.
“Be not rash with your mouth, nor let your heart be hasty to utter a word before God, for God is in heaven and you are on earth. Therefore let your words be few.” – Ecclesiastes 5:2
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The Saint Aelfric Customary 